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The first South African military medal was a campaign medal, the South Africa Medal, instituted in 1854 by Queen Victoria, the Monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, for award to officers and men of the Royal Navy and British Army who served on the Eastern Frontier of the Cape Colony between 1834 and 1853 during the Xhosa Wars.〔(The South African Military History Society - Military History Journal, Vol 4 No 4, Zulu War Centenary Issue, January 1979 - The Medals of the Zulu War, 11 January to 1st September, 1879 )〕 Five more South African campaign medals were instituted during the Colonial era until 1910, when the Union of South Africa was established as a dominion of the British Empire. After Union and until 1952, members of the Union Defence Forces (UDF) could be awarded decorations and medals of the British Empire and, from 1949, the British Commonwealth. A number of purely South African decorations and medals were also instituted during this period, such as belated awards for Boer forces who fought in the Second Boer War, a Union commemorative medal and South African versions of some Empire medals with bilingual inscriptions in English and Dutch or Afrikaans.〔 The first purely South African military orders, decorations and medals were instituted in 1952 by Queen Elizabeth II, the Monarch of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms. From 1961 decorations and medals were instituted by the South African State President and, between 1976 and 1994, also by the Presidents of the TBVC States, Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda and Ciskei. These awards were instituted in seven groups for the seven separate military and para-military forces that were integrated into the South African National Defence Force in 1994.〔〔Government Notice no. 1982 of 1 October 1954 - ''Order of Precedence of Orders, Decorations and Medals'', published in the Government Gazette of 1 October 1954.〕 ==The South African military== The Union of South Africa was established on 31 May 1910 in terms of the South Africa Act, 1909, enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom. In terms of Section 17 of the Act the command-in-chief of the naval and military forces within the Union was vested in the British Monarch or in the Governor-General of the Union of South Africa as his representative.〔South Africa Act, 1909, enacted by the Parliament of the United Kingdom, 20 September 1909〕 The Union Defence Forces were established in 1912 in terms of the Union Defence Act, no. 13 of 1912, enacted by the Parliament of the Union of South Africa. The UDF were renamed the South African Defence Force (SADF) in 1958. On 27 April 1994 the SADF was integrated with six other independent South African military and para-military forces into the South African National Defence Force (SANDF).〔(South African Medals Website - SA Defence Force : 1952-1975 ) (Accessed 30 April 2015)〕〔''The South African Railways - Historical Survey''. Editor George Hart, Publisher Bill Hart, Sponsored by Dorbyl Ltd., Published c. 1978, p. 25.〕 The seven constituent forces of the SANDF were: * The South African Defence Force (SADF). * The Transkei Defence Force (TDF). * The Bophuthatswana Defence Force (BDF). * The Venda Defence Force (VDF). * The Ciskei Defence Force (CDF). * Umkhonto we Sizwe (MK), the military wing of the African National Congress (ANC). * The Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA), the military wing of the Pan Africanist Congress (PAC). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「South African military decorations order of wear」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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